Oral Cancer

Did you know that early detection is key in the fight against oral cancer? Oral cancer is a serious health concern that affects thousands each year. Be aware of the signs! Read on to explore what oral cancer is, its causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures.

What is Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in any part of the mouth. It occurs when the cells in these areas begin to grow uncontrollably and form tumors. The main types include:

Lip Cancer: Cancer that forms on the outer surface of the lips
Tongue Cancer: Cancer occurring on the surface of the tongue (oral tongue) or on the base of the tongue (oropharyngeal tongue)
Floor of Mouth Cancer: Cancer that arises beneath the tongue
Gum Cancer: Cancer affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth
Buccal Mucosa Cancer: Malignancies that develop in the inner lining of the cheeks
Hard Palate Cancer: Cancer that develops in the bony front part of the roof of the mouth
Oropharyngeal Cancer: While technically not classified solely as oral cancer, this type affects the back of the throat, including parts of the base of the tongue and tonsils.

Oral cancer can be classified into two main categories: squamous cell carcinoma (the most common type) and other less common types such as adenocarcinomas and lymphomas.

Symptoms of Oral Cancer

The symptoms of oral cancer can vary depending on the specific area affected and the stage of the disease. Common signs and symptoms include:

Persistent Sores or Ulcers: Non-healing sores or ulcers in the mouth that last for more than two weeks
White or Red Patches: The appearance of white patches (leukoplakia) or red patches (erythroplakia) on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth
Lumps or Thickening: Unexplained lumps or thickening in the cheek, neck, or around the jaw
Difficulty Swallowing: Trouble swallowing or a sensation that something is stuck in the throat
Pain or Discomfort: Persistent pain in the mouth, throat, or ear that does not go away
Changes in Voice: Hoarseness or changes in voice quality that persist for an extended period
Numbness or Loss of Sensation: Numbness in the mouth or lips
Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden weight loss without any known reason
Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding from the mouth or throat
Foul Mouth Odor: Persistent bad breath that does not improve with oral hygiene

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they persist for more than two weeks, consult a dentist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, or an ear, nose, and throat specialist for a thorough examination and appropriate evaluation.

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase your chances of developing oral cancer. Here are some of the main risk factors explained in simple terms:

Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or using smokeless tobacco significantly raises the risk of oral cancer.
Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk, particularly when combined with tobacco use.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): This is a common virus that can be passed through skin-to-skin contact, including sexual activity. Certain types of HPV are linked to an increased risk of oral cancer.
Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to lip cancer.
Age: The risk of oral cancer increases as you get older, with most cases occurring in people over 40.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If oral cancer is suspected, your healthcare provider may perform a thorough examination, including:

Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken for laboratory analysis
Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to determine the extent of the cancer.

Treatment options for oral cancer may include:

Surgery: Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue
Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to kill cancer cells
Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth
Targeted Therapy: Specialized treatments targeting specific characteristics of cancer cells

Prevention

While not all cases of oral cancer can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk:

Avoid tobacco products and limit alcohol consumption.
Practice good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly.
Schedule regular dental check-ups for early detection.
Protect your lips from sun exposure using lip balm with SPF.

If you have any concerns about oral cancer, reach out to your doctor for expert guidance and support. Staying informed is crucial, so prioritize your health to enhance your quality of life.